INTRODUCTION:

The focus of profession of pharmacy has shifted from technical, product oriented, functions to patient oriented, health outcomes counseling information and professional services. This shift, generally referred to as “Pharmaceutical Care”, embarrasses the nation that pharmacist, working in collaboration with other health care providers, undertake responsibility for patient outcomes with respect to their drug therapy. The principle task of the modern pharmacist is to identify, resolve and prevent drug-related problems. Some important aspects of health care are outline in the report of the international conference on primary health care held in Sept.1978 at Alma Ata to achieve the goal “Health for by 2000A.D^1-3.” are-

1. Education concerning prevailing health problems and methods of identifying, preventing and controlling them.

2. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition.

3. Prevention and controlled of locally epidemic nutrition.

4. Provision of essential diseases.

5. Immunization against the major infection diseases.

6. Availability of health professional.

7. Availability of health professionals.

8. National health policies.

More ever this report was regarded as basic requirement to be Supplement according to the economic and social values of the nation and its public. The word “Health “means different things to different peoples from different nation. To many people it merely means freedom from any disease or the absence of disease. According to WHO “Health is complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely absence of disease. According to ayurveda swath’s health is defined as “well balance metabolism. Happy state of being senses and mind. In spite of short coming in the WHO difference the Concept of the health is wide and positive and provides an overall goal towards which nations. “Well Health “of citizens leads to socially and economically protective life that’s. Why health for all every nation-

1. Health is an integral part of the development.

2. Health is intersect oral.

3. Health is central to the concept of quality of life hence; health is world Wide social-goal. To achieve this goal every nation sets professional persons in healthcare System.

Professionals include in Health care system^4-5

1. Direct professional-

A. Pharmacist

B. Physician/doctors

C. Nurses

D. Compounder

E. Dispenser

2. Indirect professional Like Engineers, Teachers and every person.

3. Different professional plays different minor roles in health care system but only Pharmacist play major role in health care system.

According to pharmacy Act 1948:

“Registered Pharmacist is person whose name for time being is entered in the register of pharmacist of the state, in which he is for the time being residing or carrying on his profession or business of pharmacy”^6-7

The word Pharmacist stands for

P-Patience

H-Honesty

A-Alertness

R-Research

M-Motivator

A-Administrator

C-Courageous

I-Intelligent

S-Studious

T-Thinker^8-9

Mission:

“Right drug to the patient at right time in right dose through right route in right way”. From ancient days it is cleared that medicine was prepared by the specialize person, that today we refer as Pharmacist. Till todays date medicine save life of human beings. Food, cloth and shelter are basic need of human being but now day’s medicine is major basic need of human being.“Without medicine there no life, it act as sanjivani for human being’’,such medicine are manufactured by only pharmacist is the first person of health care system as per the discussion held at British pharmaceutical conference in 1963 a pharmacist is regarded as an expert on drugs.

Roles of Pharmacist:

In academic pharmacist focus on teaching, research and training of the upcoming pharmacist. Academic institute are major source of pharmacist, who add professional into health care system. By arranging seminar, project, or system academics, pharmacist plays valuable role in health care system. Education motivates the professionals in the health care system. From their basic education training and pre-registration training, students acquire a broad understanding of the scientific principles and techniques of the pharmaceutical sciences and the ability to keep pace throughout their careers with developments in medicine and pharmacy. Their knowledge and expertise extent to all aspects of the preparation, distribution, action and uses of drugs and medicines as well as to enable those who wish to continue their studies to undertake postgraduate training and research. Educational training programs helps to professionals for their current knowledge. Pharmacist gets a specialized knowledge regarding to drugs and therapeutic action through there practical training overall we can say academic pharmacist preliminary part in pharmacy profession¹⁰

Industrial Pharmacist Research and development: Pharmacist contributes to research, and their expertise in formulation development is of particular relevance to the biological availability of active ingredients¹¹

Manufacture and quality assurance:

The pharmacist’s broad knowledge of the pharmaceutical sciences ensures an integrated approach to quality assurance (including good manufacturing practice) through the validation of the various stages of production and the testing of products before release¹²

Drug Information:

The pharmacist has the knowledge and expertise to provide detailed information on medicines to members of the health profession and the public. Also, pharmacists provide an information service within the company¹³

Parent application and drug registration:

The pharmacist is ideally qualified to understand and collate the diverse Information required for potent and authorization submissions.

Clinical trials and post–marketing surveillance:

The pharmacist has the knowledge of drug and health care provision required to facilitate collaboration between companies, health professionals and governments in relation to clinical trials and surveillance.

Sales and marketing:

The pharmacist, whose professional ethics demand a concern for the interest of? Patients can make a contribution to proper marketing practices related to health care and to the provision of appropriate information to health professionals and the public.

Management:

The inclusion of pharmacist in all levels of management promotes an ethical approach within management policies.

Primary care pharmacist/ prescribing advisors: These are people work for NHS organizations that are in charge of a range of local. Health services -such as doctor’s surgeries and community pharmacies. Their job is to ensure the best use of medicines and resources across the area. In Some places practice pharmacist or primary care pharmacist also run medication review Clinics and have lots of patient contact.

Community Pharmacists:

Pharmacist work at the frontline of healthcare in cities, towns and villages across nation. They work from their own pharmacies or out of local healthcare center and doctors surgeries. As community pharmacist job would be all about helping the public, assessing their condition and making decision about which medicines they should take. They will be involved in dispensing medicine and offering patient advice and practical help on keeping health. It is very responsible job and community pharmacists tend to be highly respect members of their communities. Community pharmacists are also taking on more of the clinical roles that have traditionally been undertaken by doctors, such as the management of asthma and diabetes as well as blood pressure testing. They also help people give up smoking alter their diets to make them healthier and advice on sexual health matters. Some community pharmacists their own business and enjoy the challenges of financial management and responsibility for staff, stock and premises that this brings. Other work for large high street pharmacy chain and have the opportunity to move around within an established company structure^14-15

Pharmacist with special interest:

Pharmacists with special interests are involved with developing their skill and expertise in specialist areas such as cancer or diabetes. Almost half of all pharmacists (42%) offered additional clinical and educational Services to community residents including blood pressure checks, screening for Cholesterol and osteoporosis, glucose screening and diabetes counseling, tobacco Cessation programs, immunizations. As per government of India now pharmacist is considered as “Arogyadoot” who can formulate, compound and dispense medicine in his pharmacy¹⁶

Hospital Pharmacy:

Hospital pharmacists are a vital part of the healthcare term. Working in either the PHC or private hospitals, being hospital pharmacist means you’re part of a team where the focus is firmly on patients. In a hospital pharmacy department there are many areas we can get involved in. Like doctors, pharmacist regularly attends ward rounds and more involved in selecting treatments for patients than ever before. Aside from working on the wards, there is the manufacturing of sterile medicines, managing the care of patients with all types of condition, working in the dispensary, providing information on medicines for the whole hospital. You can also get involved in general management of hospital itself. Some pharmacists specialize as consultant (or as pharmacists with specialist interests) in many areas as Hematology (blood), Nephrology (kidneys), Respiratory medicine, Cardiology (heart), Urology (urinary), Diabetes, Gastroenterology (stomach and intestine), Infection diseases, pediatrics (children) and care of the elderly. Pharmacy a complete profession: Pharmacists reflect on every sector of society in the form of Artists–designing a drug dosage form, Lawyer–having fair knowledge of laws and legislation about the drug Engineer-having sound technical knowledge Entrepreneur-with sound knowledge of management, accounting, marketing, Counseling Health professional-having fair knowledge regarding health. As pharmacists deals with the every issue regarding health of the society and built superior health care system, constantly endeavor and elaborate his knowledge with ethics. Thus, pharmacists are the one and only well qualified and practitioner that provides backbone that strengthens the health care of the nation^{17, 18, and 19}

CONCLUSION:

Pharmacists is the first person of health care system by playing various roles like academic pharmacists, industrial pharmacist, community pharmacists, clinical pharmacists, hospital pharmacists, veterinary pharma-cists etc. All pharmacists working in different fields of the profession are directly or indirectly related to nation’s health. Finally pharmacists are responsible for insuring that “Right drug to right patient at right time in right dose through right route in right way.” So that pharmacists is an integral part of health care system.

REFERENCES:

1. Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence by B.S. Kuchekar.

2. Health Education and Community Pharmacy by P.C. Pandya, Z.Y.K. Zafer.

3. Drug Store and Business Management by Mohammed Ali., Jyoti Gupta.

4. Health Education and Community Pharmacy by S. Khurana, P. Suresh, R. Kalsi.

5. Hospital Pharmacy by H.P. Tipnis, Amrita Balaji.

6. News Paper “Aamhi Pharmacist”, “Pharmacist Times”, “Aushadh Nirmata Doot”.

7. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences. Available at: http://www.unmc.edu/ruprihealth/

8. British Pharmaceutical Conference held in 1963.

9. The role of Pharmacist in health care system report by WHO consultative group New Delhi 13-16 December1988.

10. Patel P R. Pharmacist in health care system. The Indian pharmacist January 2005; 29-34.

11. Walker R. Pharmaceutical public health: the end of pharmaceutical care? Pharmaceutical Journal.2000; 264:340-2.

12. Sheth P D, Pabrai P R. A report: on challenges and opportunities for Pharmacists in Health Care in India. FIPWHO Forum of National Pharmaceutical Associations for South East Asia Region 2007; 1-45.

13. Nirupama. Need for a change in Community Pharmacy system in India. Pharmainfo.net. March 2005.

14. Jean Smith. Community pharmacist. AGCAS Sector December 2003:1-4. Available at www.prospects.ac.uk/links/SectorBs .

15. Eniojukan J F, Adeniyi A. Community Pharmacists and primary healthcare programme. Nig J Pharm 1997; 28(2): 21–24.

16. Keith Wilson. Changing Community Pharmacy Roles: The Educational Challenges. EAFP Madrid 2007:1-24.

17. Rue du Luxembourg. Community Pharmacists and Public Health–Did you know? PGEU Pharmacy Factsheet 2003: 1- 4. Available at www.pgeu.org

18. The Role of Pharmacists in Health Care British Columbia pharmacy association October 2002:1-2.

19. The Role of pharmacist in the healthcare system; Report of a WHO consultative group New Delhi, India, 13-16 December 1988.

Received on 04.05.2021 Modified on 17.06.2021

Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2021; 11(4):281-284.

DOI: 10.52711/2231-5675.2021.00048